It is well known that energy sector has its own impact on the progress and development of any nation. The availability of various energy resources and in-house capability to use it in the appropriate manner for productive development of a nation is the key factor in the economic growth of the country.

The energy crisis all over the world in the seventies warned the mankind and forced to think about the appropriate utilization of the energy resources on the earth for the sustainable development. The energy crisis had led to many innovations as well as research and development programmes in all sectors related to the energy. With global climate change issues occupying a prominent position in science and technology, industry and international relations, the role of renewable energy, energy conservation and energy management has come into a sharp focus in recent years.

In India, the sudden increase in the price of oil, uncertainties associated with its supply and the adverse impact on the balance-of- payments position led to the establishment of the Commission for Additional Sources of Energy in the Department of Science and Technology in March 1981. The Commission was charged with the responsibility of formulating policies and their implementation, programmes for development of new and renewable energy apart from coordinating and intensifying R and D in the sector. In 1982, a new department, i.e., Department of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (DNES), that incorporated CASE, was created in the then Ministry of Energy. In 1992, DNES became the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources. In October 2006, the Ministry was re-christened as the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (www.mnre.gov.in).

The Ministry of Power, Government of India set up the Bureau of Energy Efficiency on 1st March 2002 under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 (www.bee-india.nic.in). The mission of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency is to assist in developing policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and market principles, within the overall framework of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 with the primary objective of reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy. This can be achieved with active participation of all stakeholders, resulting in accelerated and sustained adoption of energy efficiency in all sectors. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency co-ordinates with designated consumers, designated agencies and other organizations and recognize, identify and utilize the existing resources and infrastructure, in performing the functions assigned to it under the Energy Conservation Act.

The Energy Conservation Act provides for regulatory and promotional functions. The Bureau is involved in several regulatory and promotional avenues in energy efficiency and conservation. The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), 2007 was launched by the Government of India for new, commercial buildings having a connected load of more than 500 kW with the objective of bringing down the energy consumption of commercial buildings through efficient design.

With a view to build adequate technical capacity and develop economically viable renewable energy and energy efficient systems and compliance of laudable objectives of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, adequate scientific and technical manpower of all levels is a pre-requisite. Energy conservation and renewable energy utilization hold tremendous potential of employment generation and social entrepreneurship for human resources trained in almost all streams of engineering, technology, sciences and humanities. In fact, several self-employment opportunities in renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors for modestly-trained and self-trained human resources exist in all geographic locations of the country.

Full Story of Career in Renewable Energy and Energy Management >>

There can be various ways of assessing an individual’s personality but group discussions and personal interviews are accepted tools to select a student because in a limited time they can give a fair idea to B-schools whether a candidate can become a manager or not. Students may argue that if this is the case, then knowing what B-schools are looking for and presenting yourself accordingly can actually help. Knowing what B-schools are looking for can actually help but not in preparing you for a superficial mask but to help you assess whether you have those traits which B-schools are looking for.

This brings us to other question: are managerial traits natural or can they be acquired? If they are natural, what is the need to do MBA? An MBA course teaches students how to achieve larger goals and it polishes those personality traits. But there are some basic traits that a candidate should have to go through the MBA process and to know that institutes conduct GD/PI.

Group discussion

A group discussion is generally a 20-to-30 minute process whose larger objective is to select thosecandidates who have the ability to perform in a team. Apart from this, the kind of topic given also helps panelists to know various traits of a candidate’s personality. In most of the GDs you are made to sit in a semi-circle and discuss a given topic. The topic can be as general as ‘Women make better managers’ or as specific as ‘India-US nuclear deal.’ What matters in group discussion is your stand on the topic, your ability to analyse the given topic, your awareness about the topic, and the way you present the topic. One person from the group is asked to introduce the topic, what follows is the discussion and the conclusion. The focus here is more on leadership and decision making, because in a GD you may or may not reach a consensus because the issues given to you are debatable. The end result of GD will not always be to reach a consensus but to assess your people’s skill.

The Winners Have

Good listening skills: Listening doesn’t mean hearing. It means listening and understanding what the other person is saying. If you have good listening skills, you will be able to keep a track of where group discussion is moving. You will know different points that have already been raised and you have to bring in some new point.

Knowledge of the topic: Some years back content was the most important aspect of GD. Although content still holds its importance but in addition to that you are also weighed on how analytical and aware are you about your surroundings. Earlier it was just about discussing pros and cons of an issue but now knowledge gathered from various sources, analysed and presented in a structured form holds the key to success in GD. Reading newspapers, magazines, and going through Economic Survey would help in enriching the content of GD.

Confidence: You have all the knowledge and good listening and analytical skills, but you do not have confidence to assert what you are saying is right, may prove a negative point. In GD panelists do not know you personally; they would only be able to judge you from what you speak.

Introduction: Introducing the topic can make or break the situation. May be you do not speak for the next 10 minutes, but if you give a good introduction you are in. When the GD begins, everybody is speaking and you might not even be listened. But when you are asked to introduce the topic, you can take the situation forward. Explain the topic, don’t read what is written. Give brief introduction to the topic and what you think of it. People think that taking a stand in GD might to go against them. But there is difference in being assertive and in being rigid. You are expected to give your point of view.

The Losers are

Those who speak a lot: Of course not speaking in GD will not take you anywhere but speaking too much can also make you lose the GD. You have all the points and you can speak a lot on GD. But it is not a one-man show. It is a group discussion. If you try to grab the attention of the panelists, cut other person short, it shows that you are not a team worker. Also speaking a lot on the topic and just repeating one point will not be appreciated. You do not speak in the entire GD, but give valid points twice that can add value to the discussion, will be appreciated.

Those who become emotional: There are topics that involve some sensitive issues. You have all the valid points to support that women make better managers, but bringing in the element of argument and accusing other persons in the group will only help you in getting rejected.

Those who over-dominate: You are taking and managing the group discussion well, listening to the arguments, giving your point of view and letting everyone speak, everything is in your favour and suddenly you decide to be a godfather of somebody who has not spoken at all and who doesn’t have one single argument to present. Cutting short somebody who is making a valid point and asking the silent one to speak, can actually cut your points.

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Practical chemistry, or Applied chemistry, that which treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of chemistry that are useful in the arts, of their applications to economical purposes, and of the conditions essential to their best use.

You can find Articles & Notes on Applied Chemistry

http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/LynnFowler/che101/Lecture.html

http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/notes_for_contributors.html

http://www.wjhsd.net/~ajackson/appchmhandouts.html

http://www.organic-chemistry.org/

http://www.freescience.info/notes.php?id=15

http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/index.html

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Applied+chemistry

Books to Download

Inorganic and Applied Chemistry

This textbook is written primarily to engineering students in the fields of basic chemistry, environmental chemistry, food production, chemical and biochemical engineering. It coveres concepts taught in the firsts years of education in inorganic chemistry and applied chemistry. The aim of this book is to explain and clarify important terms and concepts which the students are supposed to know.

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Applied Chemistry: Theory and Practice

This is s an amalgam of Theory and Experiments. It serves as a Laboratory Manual of Examination, testing, characterisation and evaluation of a few materials of wide industrial and Engineering application. The significance and practical utility of the various tests and the inferences drawn therefore have been described in detail. The derivation of the formulas, where-ever used, the introduction, theory and related discussion are quite elaborate and touch the level of a Theory text.
The book has been designed to cover the Laboratory Courses in Applied Chemistry at the various Engineering and Technical Institutions. The book will be useful to the students where Applied Chemistry is taught at the M.Sc. level and to Public Health/Water Analysis Laboratories. It will also be useful to the students of Industrial Chemistry a subject that is being introduced at the undergraduate level in some of the Universities.
Students of all levels of intelligence from very weak to extremely brilliant will find something of interest to them in the chapter on solutions to viva-voce questions a Striking feature of the book.

About the Author(s):

O.P.Vermani
is Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Regional Engineering College, Kurukshetra. He has more than thirty years experience of teaching Applied Chemistry to Engineering students. He is a Gold Medalist of kurukshetra University for B.Sc.(Hons.) Chemistry. He received his doctors degree in Analytical Chemistry from the same University. He is a visiting fellow to various Institutes in Haryana. He has to his credit a number of research papers in Journals of National and International repute.

A.K. Narula
is Professor of Industrial Chemistry at Guru Jambheshwar University, Hissar. Previously, he worked as Reader in the Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. He has taught Applied Chemistry to undergraduate students in Regional Engineering College, Kurukshetra. He has obtained his Ph.D. degree from University of Delhi, Delhi in 1983 and worked as post doctoral fellow in Nice (France). Dr. Narula has to his credit several research papers in Journals of National and International repute.

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Applied Chemistry: Theory and Practice , 2nd Edition

It is an amalgam of Theory and Experiments. It serves as a Laboratory Manual of Examination, testing,characterisation and evaluation of a few materials of wide industrial and Engineering application. The significance and practical utility of the various tests and the inferences drawn therefore have been described in detail. The derivation of the formulas, where-ever used, the introduction, theory and related discussion are quite elaborate and touch the level of a Theory text.

The book has been designed to cover the Laboratory Courses in Applied Chemistry at the various Engineering and Technical Institutions. The book will be useful to the students where Applied Chemistry is taught at the M.Sc. level and to Public Health/Water Analysis Laboratories. It will also be useful to the students of Industrial Chemistry a subject that is being introduced at the undergraduate level in some of the Universities.

Students of all levels of intelligence from very weak to extremely brilliant will find something of interest to them in the chapter on solutions to viva-voce questions a Striking feature of the book.

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If you want to serve the nation with pride and want to have a distinguished career surrounded by the waters then this is the career for you. Keep in mind this is a career for men among boys and who keep their country before them, where duty and commitment towards work are taught by example. If you believe that you possess such an adventurous soul who enjoys to be surrounded by the blue waters, then this is the right career for you.

Eligibility And Courses

Age

The applicant for the post of Sailor (Artificer Apprentice) should be of the age between 16-19 years (i.e. he should not be less than 16 or more than 19 years on the date of enrolment).

Nationality

Applicant for the post of Sailor (Artificer Apprentice) should be a resident Indian. The Gorkhas, subjects of Nepal, are also eligible for applying for AA recruitment.

Marital Status

Applicant for the post of Sailor ( Artificer Apprentice ) should be an Unmarried male.

Minimum Educational Qualification

1st condition

Applicant for the post of Sailor should have passed Class 10th or equivalent with 55% aggregate marks in Maths and Science. Alternatively, 12th or equivalent with at least 50% aggregate marks in subjects of Physics and Mathematics.

2nd condition

Minimum qualification marks required for applying for the post of Sailor in Indian Navy may vary from time to time and the same would be promulgated in the advertisement in Newspapers and this website on as required basis.

3rd condition

Preference is given to Candidates with working knowledge of Computers

Physical Standards

The candidate applying for the post of Sailor ( Artificer Apprentice ) should be physically fit for enrolmentinto Indian Navy. This capability is tested at the examination venue on qualifying in written examination and is termed as Physical Fitness Test (PFT). Qualifying in Physical Fitness Test is mandatory. Physical Fitness Test will consist of 1.6 km run that is to be completed in 07 minutes, 20 Squats (UtthakBaithak) and 10 Push-ups.

Medical Standards

• The candidates applying for the post of Sailor ( Artificer Apprentice ) will be subjected to throughmedical check up conducted by authorized Military Doctors as per medical standard prescribed undercurrent regulations applicable to the sailor (Artificer Apprentice) of Indian Navy on entry. The detailedguidelines for medical standards are laid down in the Navy Orders (SPL) 01/1999 by IHQ MOD (Navy)and can be accessed by visiting the website nausena-bharti.nic.in.
• The candidate applying for the post of sailor (Artificer Apprentice) should have a minimum height of 157cm with proportionate body weight depending on the age and height of the candidate. The prospective sailor(Artificer Apprentice) should also have proportionate chest with minimum expansion capability of 05 cms.
• Candidate applying for the post of sailor(Artificer Apprentice) should possess good mental and physical health, should be free from any disease / disability and have no cardio vascular disease, surgical deformities like Knock-Knees, Flatfoot.
• Candidate applying for the post of sailor(Artificer Apprentice) should not have a (past) history of fits or psychiatric ailments Varicose-vein etc.
• Candidate applying for the post of sailor(Artificer Apprentice) should not have any type of infection in the ears.
• Candidates applying for the post of sailor(Artificer Apprentice) are advised to get their ears cleaned for wax and tartar removed from teeth before appearing for the written test followed by PFT and Medical examination.
• Candidate applying for the post of sailor(Artificer Apprentice)should possess Colour perception standard of CP II and Eyes Visual standards should meet the under mentioned prescribed standards for both the conditions that is with glasses AND without glasses.
• The candidate applying for the post of sailor(Artificer Apprentice) must make sure that his eyesight follows the following parameters.Without Glasses, better eye should be of 6/12 and the worst eye should be of 6/12, while with Glasses the better eye should be of 6/9 while the worst eye should be of 6/12.

Career Prospects

During the initial training period, the approximate pay for Sailor is Rs.3200 pm. On completion of initial training depending on Rank and number of years of service approximate emoluments at present rate for Sailor is Rs.4330 to Rs.16,395 pm. Apart from this a sailor is entitled to free ration , accommodation and medical treatment for self and dependents. A sailor is provided with a life insurance cover of Rs. 350000 on a nominal premium of Rs.250 p.m. Promotion prospects exist upto the rank of Master Chief Petty officer(equivalent to Subedar Major of Indian Army).

Nine weeks Basic Training at INS Chilka followed by 08 weeks sea training.

The beginning of engagement of sailor with the Indian Navy is subject to successful completion of training. The period of the initial engagement of the sailor is for 15 years subject to successful completion of training. However, engagement (i.e. service) period is extendable with maximum limit being until the attainment of 57 yrs of age, which, in turn, depends on the rank attained and satisfactory performance by the sailor while in the service. The sailors in Indian Navy are also provided with the pre-release training, which keeps them in good stead professionally after they are released from the Navy.

Pay Packages

Procedure to apply

• Advertisements for recruitment of Sailors (Artificer Apprentices or AA) are advertised in the Employment News and all leading National/Regional Newspapers in Dec/Jan and Jun/Jul every year.
• The application form for the recruitment of Sailors (Artificer Apprentices or AA)is published in all leading Newspapers and local dailies, which may be used. Alternately, the form in the prescribed format may be typed on plain paper.
• The following documents are to be punched and tied firmly with a strong thread to the application for the post of Sailors (Artificer Apprentices or AA) in the sequence as given below:-

1. Two spare recent Passport size photos with the candidate’s name written on the reverse (In the absence of recent photograph candidate will not be allowed to appear in the examination).
2. Application for the post of Sailors (Artificer Apprentices or AA) is to be filled in capital letters with one recent passport size photograph pasted at the right top corner
3. Attested copy (by Gazetted officer only, indicating name, designation and phone Numbers below signature) of matric /equivalent certificate for verification of date of birth.
4. Attested copy (by Gazetted officer only, indicating name, designation and phone Numbers below signature) of mark sheet of Diploma/Higher Board examination/Matriculation , as applicable.
5. Attested copy (by Gazetted officer only, indicating name, designation and phone Numbers below signature) of other certificates viz. NCC/Sports/etc.
6. Attested copy (by Gazetted officer only, indicating his name, designation and phone Numbers below signature) of Domicile certificates.
7. Two self addressed envelopes of size 22 x 10 cms with Rs 10/- stamp affixed on one envelope and one blank envelope without stamp is to be submitted alongwith the application form. On top of the envelope, containing the application the Type of Entry and choice of examination Centre is to be clearly written.
8. Outstanding Sportsmen who have participated at International/ National/State level should send applications for the post of Sailors (Artificer Apprentices or AA) to the Secretary, Indian Navy Sports Control Board, Room No.08, `C’ Wing, IHQ MOD (Navy), Sena Bhawan, New Delhi-110 011, on the specified date.
9. The candidates are to qualify in the sports trials in addition to Physical Fitness Test, Written examination and Medical.

Written Paper:- The question paper is bilingual (Hindi & English) and of objective type. The question paper contains questions from English, General Knowledge, Science and Mathematics.

Selection Procedure

1. Applications are received through Ordinary Post only and no other mode of dispatch is acceptable.
2. Eligible shortlisted candidates are sent Call-Up letters, indicating date, time and place for examination as scheduled.
3. Results of the Written Test are generally declared on the same day.
4. Those who qualify Written Test are permitted to undergo PFT and only those who qualify PFT are taken for Medical Examination. This whole process is generally completed on the same day but may also take 3-4 days time depending on the service requirements or due to external unknown factors which may crop up un-announced.
5. Those who are declared Medically Temporary Unfit will be required to report to the specified Military Hospital within a maximum period of 21 days for review from the date of initial recruiting medical examination.
6. Those who are declared medically unfit can appeal for specialist opinion in a Military Hospital on payment of Rs.40 by Military Receivable Order (MRO) in the Government Treasury within 21 days. Medical fitness certificate from other than the specified Military Hospital will NOT be considered .
7. An All India Merit List of all those candidates who are qualified in all respects will be prepared at IHQ MOD (Navy), New Delhi depending upon the numbers to be inducted. Out of this list, the centre wise select list of candidates will be displayed in the respective Recruitment Centres. However, final enrolment will be subject to medical fitness at INS Chilka.

Agricultural engineering, like all other branches of engineering uses scientific principles and technology to solve problems relating to sustainable agricultural production. Agricultural Engineers may perform tasks such as planning, supervising and managing the building of dairy effluent schemes, irrigation, drainage, flood and water control systems, perform environmental impact assessments and interpret research results and implement relevant practices.

Agricultural engineers also specialize in other aspects like power system and machinery design; structuresand environmental science; and food and bioprocess engineering. They discover the ways to conserve soil and water and to improve the processing of agricultural products.

For making a bright career in agricultural engineering one should have enough logic and practical thinking ability for inventiveness and innovation. The career is interesting, challenging as well as rewarding.

Eligibility And Courses

A candidate aspiring for career in agricultural engineering must complete his/her +2 Science with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and/or Biology. Most agricultural institutes/universities conduct entrance examination for admission to BE/B Tech program in agricultural engineering. Some may consider the marks obtained in + 2 qualifying examination for selection.

For doing ME/M.Tech programs in agricultural engineering one should have completed BE/B.Tech in the same discipline. For this purpose, one needs to qualify the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) examination.

Career Prospects

There are excellent career opportunities in Agricultural sector for engineering graduates in India. The profession is now far from the traditional perception of the people towards agriculture. Agricultural engineering graduates have ample options in their hand. Apart from joining manufacturing industries they can also opt for water resource management, forestry, mining and rehabilitation, food processing, peri-urban and rural development, machine development and many more. Agricultural engineers can also work in NGOs under various schemes and projects.

They are now working as specialists in private consultancies, large corporations, government and non-government organisations, and some have become engineering managers of large farms or estates.

Pay Packages

Remuneration of agricultural engineers is not less than engineers of other branches. A fresh graduate of agricultural engineering can expect a salary of between Rs 10,000 and Rs 15,000 per month at the entry level. After three or four years’ experience on good projects, one can earn up to Rs 30,000 per month. There is no limitation for the right candidates to progress in this field.

CRPF came into existence as the Crown Representative’s Police on the 27th July 1939. It became the Central Reserve Police Force on enactment of the CRPF Act on 28th December 1949. It has completed 60 years of glorious history. The Force has grown into a big organization with 191 Battalions (173 executive Battalions including 2 Mahila Battalions, 10 RAF Battalions, 5 Signal Battalions and 1 Special Duty Group) 35 Group Centres including a Signal Group Centre, 10 training Institutions, 2 Central Weapon Store, 7Arms Work shop, 1 Static Workshop, 2 Mobile Workshops, 3 Base Hospitals and one 100 bed composite Hospital with a backup of well-knit administrative set up covering the entire geography of the country.

CRPF or Central Reserve Police Force is a premier paramilitary force of the Armed Force of the Union of India. The main task of the CRPF is to maintain internal security. It is usually deployed in areas to counter insurgency and maintain law and order. In times of peace, it is deployed at places where calamities occur due to natural tragedies.

Besides Law and Order and counter insurgency duties, the role of CRPF in the General Elections, held repeatedly during the past few years, has been very significant and vital. This is especially true for the trouble torn States of J&K, Bihar and States of North East. During the Parliamentary elections of Sept’99, the CRPF played a major role in the security arrangements.

Sub Inspectors (Stenographer Grade III) and ASI Assistant Sub Inspectors (Ministerial) are recruited by the CRPF. Advertisements for these posts are carried out in the Employment News and the other leading dailies.

Eligibility

For both the posts, the essential pre requisites conditions are:

1. 10+2 or equivalent from any recognized Board in India.
2. Typing speed/Shorthand sped
   a) For SI/Steno Typing 40 Wpm in English and /or 30 Wpm Shorthand 80 Wpm in Hindi/English

   b) For ASI 30 Wpm in English and 25 Wpm in Hindi.

Physical Standards for Males:

A minimum height of 165 cms. For general candidates. Chest 77 cms. 5 cms. Of chest expansion. Weight proportionate with height.

For Female candidate:

1. A minimum height of 157 cms. Relaxable for some categories
2. Weight in proportion with height

Visual Standards:

Right eye 6/36; left eye 6/12 or each eye 6/24 without optical device.

Colour blindness is not a disqualification.
Selection is done on the basis of:

Physical test
Written examination
Typing Speed test
Shorthand speed test for (S.I/Steno)
Interview

Candidates who pass the physical test are eligible to sit for the written examination consisting of 4 parts

Part I- Hindi/ English language
Part II- General Intelligence
Part III- Numerical Aptitude
Part IV- Clerical Aptitude
Those found successful are then referred for the post of Sub Inspectors (Stenographer Grade III) and ASI Assistant Sub Inspectors (Ministerial). They should also possess good knowledge of using computers.

Career Prospects

Aspirants with an inborn love for motherland and its citizens will surely be the right choice for this career. Commitment, discipline, dedication and good communication skills are other essentials for this profession.

Pay Packages

• For Sub Inspector (Stenographer Grade III) Rs.12000-22000 per month.
• For Assistant Sub-Inspector (Ministerial) Rs. 8000-18000.